Peter Tosh

Da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tosh

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Peter Tosh, vero nome Winston Hubert McIntosh (9 ottobre 1944, Westmoreland (Giamaica) - 11 settembre 1987, Kingston) è stato un pioniere della musica reggae.

Trascorse infanzia e giovinezza nello slum di Trenchtown a Kingston. Si dice di lui che avesse un carattere scontroso, quasi militante, come testimoniato dal suo soprannome Stepping Razor; la leggenda lo vuole pure esperto di arti marziali: un carattere dunque diverso da Bob Marley con il quale, nonostante ciò, condivise l'inizio della sua carriera con i Wailers.

Suonava molto bene la chitarra ed aveva una voce naturale dalla timbrica molto scura, bassosa ma estesa , tanto da riuscire a cantare anche in falsetto. Nel periodo Wailers scrisse, con Bob Marley e Bunny Livingston, canzoni come Get up Stand up, dove è celebre la sua terza strofa. Quando i Wailers iniziarono ad uscire dalla Giamaica, ovvero dopo i primi due album prodotti dalla Island (Catch a Fire/Burnin'), Peter Tosh abbandona il progetto Wailers per portare avanti una carriera da solista, la cui canzone più rappresentativa sarà Legalize it, canzone antiproibizionista che tratta dei poteri curativi della marijuana da un punto di vista medico e rastafariano. Lo imita anche Bunny Livingstone. I tre però continueranno ancora a collaborare nei rispettivi lavori.

Il reggae di Peter Tosh si dice sia più complesso di quello di Bob Marley, più sperimentale, meno immediato, più militante e meno pacifista (fight for your right piuttosto che peace and love).

Musicalmente in Jamaica dicono che suonare Peter Tosh non è alla portata di tutti, al contrario del reggae di Bob Marley, volutamente più abbordabile . Alcuni sostengono che proprio questo suo carattere chiuso, talvolta intollerante, non riuscì mai a diventare popolare nel mondo quanto Bob Marley . Morì accoltellato da un suo fan nel 1987 .

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Peter Tosh (October 9, 1944 – September 11, 1987) was a pioneer reggae musician. A militant, well-read and trailblazing Rastafarian, Tosh was the Malcolm X to former bandmate Bob Marley's Martin Luther King, Jr.

Born Winston Hubert McIntosh, young Peter grew up in the Kingston, Jamaica slum of Trenchtown. Although his short-fuse temper usually kept him in trouble, earning him the nickname Stepping Razor, he began to sing and learn guitar at a young age, inspired by the American stations he could pick up on his radio.
In the early 1960s he met Bob Marley and Bunny Livingston through his guitar teacher, Joe Higgs and taught Bob to play the guitar. In 1962 he was the driving force behind the trio's formation of the Wailing Wailers with Junior Braithwaite and back-up singers Beverly Kelso and Cherry Smith. The Wailing Wailers had a huge ska hit with their first single, "Simmer Down," and recorded several more successful singles before Braithwaite, Kelso and Smith left the band in late 1965. Marley spent much of 1966 in America with his mother, but he returned to Jamaica in early 1967 with a renewed interest in music and a new spirituality. McIntosh and Bunny were already rastafarians when Bob returned from the USA and the three became heavily involved in the Rastafarian movement. Soon afterwards, they renamed the group the Wailers.

Veering away from the up-tempo dance of ska, the band slowed down to a rock-steady pace, and infused their lyrics with political and social messages. The Wailers penned several songs for American singer Johnny Nash before teaming up with production wizard Lee Perry to record some of reggae's earliest hits including "Soul Rebel," "Duppy Conqueror" and "Small Axe." With the addition of bassist Aston "Family Man" Barrett and his brother, drummer Carlton in 1970, the Wailers became Caribbean superstars. The band earned a record contract with Island and released their debut, Catch a Fire, in 1972; following it up with Burnin' the following year.

In 1973, McIntosh accidentally drove his car off a bridge, killing his girlfriend at the time and severely fracturing his own skull. He survived, but became even harder to deal with. After Island Records president Chris Blackwell refused to issue his solo album in 1974, the volatile McIntosh and Bunny Wailer left the Wailers citing the unfair treatment they received from Blackwell, who Tosh often referred to as 'Whiteworse'.
Tosh became bitter with his ex-bandmate, claiming that the only reason Marley was so successful was that his father was white, although it should be noted that Peter was known for having a big mouth and was not always to be taken too seriously in his pronouncements. Many biographies focusing on members of the Wailers relate a specific incident where several people alleged that Tosh became enraged upon hearing that Marley was seeing a well known white woman in Kingston. He talked big and threatened both physical violence and damnation and hellfire for his friend, vowing to track him down and take him to task. Later that day Bob casually walked into a room where Peter was relaxing with some of their mutual friends but mysteriously McIntosh seemed happy to see him and made no mention of any misgivings about the controversial relationship. When Marley was eventually told the whole story he allegedly laughed and responded: "Petah? Fussin'? You don't say!" - suggesting like many other sources that some of Tosh's personal relationships were stormy and complicated but not necessarily mean spirited.

McIntosh began recording under the name Peter Tosh, and released his solo debut, Legalize It, in 1976 on CBS Records. The title track soon became an anthem for the marijuana movement and was a favorite at Tosh's concerts. As Marley preached his "One Love" message, Tosh railed against the hypocritical "shitstem," and became a favorite target of the Jamaican police. He proudly wore his scars that he had received from the beatings he endured. Always taking the militant approach, he released Equal Rights in 1977. His lyric "I don't want no peace, I want equal rights and justice!" would become a rallying cry for the world's downtrodden masses.

Bush Doctor (1978), Mystic Man (1979), and Wanted: Dread or Alive followed. Released on the Rolling Stones' personal label, Tosh tried to gain some mainstream success while keeping his militant views, but was largely unsuccessful, especially compared to Marley's achievements. After the release of 1983's Mama Africa, Tosh went into self-imposed exile, seeking the spiritual advice of traditional medicine men in Africa, and trying to free himself from recording agreements that distributed his records in South Africa.

He was awarded the Grammy for Best Reggae Performance in 1987 for "No Nuclear War". Tosh was in the beginning of an entire restructuring of his career when, shortly after the release of his 1987 album, No Nuclear War, Tosh was murdered at his own home during a burglary. He died on September 11, 1987. Only one of the three assassins was caught. One of Tosh's personal friends was sentenced to hang following the murder trial.